第27卷第2計(jì)算帆與痖用化VoL. 27. No. 22010年2月28日Computers and Applied Chemis石墨合成爐的結(jié)構(gòu)及生產(chǎn)條件對(duì)合成氣出口溫度的影響熊潔羽,王國(guó)軍1,張勤,馬海燕2(1.江蘇技術(shù)師范學(xué)院化學(xué)化工系,江蘇,常州,213001;2.上海工程化學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)院,上海,200235)摘要:確定合成爐的出口溫度是新型二合一氯化氫石墨合成爐優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的前提,本文從合成爐結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)入手,提出確定氣體出口溫度的數(shù)學(xué)模型和計(jì)算程序,并通過(guò) Visual Basic5.0編制的應(yīng)用軟件,研究了SsL300~SsL900型合成爐結(jié)構(gòu)及生產(chǎn)條件對(duì)合成氣出口溫度的影響結(jié)果是:不同型號(hào)的合成爐氣體出口溫度不同在本文設(shè)計(jì)條件下分別為260℃236℃、245℃321℃343℃、368℃418℃;氣體出口溫度隨著原料氣中氯氣純度或氯氫氣量比的升高而降低;原料氣溫度的變化幾乎對(duì)合成氣出口溫度沒(méi)有影響;相同型號(hào)的合成爐,合成氣出口溫度隨著冷卻水溫度的升高而增加。該項(xiàng)研究為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)新型的二合一氯化氫石墨合成爐提供了理論依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞:氯化氫;石墨合成爐;出口溫度中圖分類號(hào):TQ015.9;0639文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):10014160(2010)02-163-1671引言10近年來(lái),隨著離子膜燒堿在我國(guó)的發(fā)展,以及醫(yī)藥、食品樹(shù)脂等行業(yè)對(duì)高純鹽酸和高純氯化氫需求量的增大,在提高自控、石墨原粉和加工精度水平上新型二合一氯化氫石墨合成爐系統(tǒng)以其耐酸耐腐蝕和氯化氫產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)普遍為氯堿企業(yè)所采用。當(dāng)前,新型的二合一氯化氫石墨合成爐雖然好用,但缺乏更好的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法,以致石墨冷卻器不耐用,不得不降低65%~75%的生產(chǎn)力以減緩設(shè)備的損耗。因此,本文試圖從技術(shù)上找出優(yōu)化石墨冷卻器的辦法、結(jié)果,設(shè)計(jì)出縱向翅片管型套管式石墨冷卻管和YKB圓塊孔式石墨冷卻l-bracket; 2-Lamp cap-pedestal; 3-expelling acid orifice: 4-sewage器”,石墨合成爐是定型設(shè)備需進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化的其實(shí)是冷卻outfall 5-cooling water inlet; 6-quartzy bumer: 7-plumbaginous fur-管和冷卻器優(yōu)化它們須先確定合成爐氣體的出口溫度。因0eboy;8 steel shell; -antidetonating membrane;10uaut;此,本研究從合成爐的設(shè)計(jì)人手,找出確定合成爐氣體出口Il-hydrochloric gas outlet pipe; 12-sight glass.溫度的計(jì)算方法對(duì)于這樣一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)而又復(fù)雜的迭代計(jì)Fig 1 The graphit算過(guò)程通過(guò) Visual basic50計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用軟件,找出合成圖1石墨合成爐示意圖爐的結(jié)構(gòu)及生產(chǎn)條件對(duì)合成氣出口溫度的影響,為優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的火焰以判斷合成反應(yīng)情況。爐體外面設(shè)置冷卻水套冷卻新型的二合一氯化氫石墨合成爐提供理論依據(jù)。水自水套下部進(jìn)入上部出口管排出,操作時(shí)水套中充滿冷卻水,使整個(gè)石墨爐體完全浸泡在水中。在爐底中心留有一接2石墨制氯化氫合成爐的結(jié)構(gòu)及特點(diǎn)口管,用以安裝燃燒器。接口管由大小2根同心管粘接于不透性的石墨燈頭座上構(gòu)成內(nèi)管通氯氣、兩管之間的環(huán)隙空石墨制氯化氫合成爐根據(jù)冷卻方式不同分為浸沒(méi)式和間通氫氣2股氣體在石英燈頭處噴出然后充分混合燃燒噴淋式2種。由于前者具有操作環(huán)境好操作安全可靠生生成的氯化氫氣體沿爐體內(nèi)壁迅速上升,使合成反應(yīng)的生成能力變化時(shí)適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)及便于綜合利用熱能的特點(diǎn)廣被熱通過(guò)爐壁被外壁之冷卻水帶走?？紤]到停、開(kāi)車(chē)時(shí)爐內(nèi)的氯堿廠使用,其結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)圖1。氣體沒(méi)有置換干凈或其他原因造成氫氣和其他氣體的混合浸沒(méi)式石墨合成爐的爐體由多節(jié)石墨圓筒粘結(jié)而成的比達(dá)到爆炸范圍時(shí),可能引起爆炸事故在合成爐的頂部設(shè)立式筒形,長(zhǎng)徑比約為10:1-12:1。最上面的1節(jié)裝有氯安全E中國(guó)煤化工化氫氣體出口管,最下面1節(jié)的側(cè)面裝有視鏡可觀察燃燒CNMHG收痛日期:200210)修日期:2003作者簡(jiǎn)介:熊潔羽(1女本科教授,現(xiàn)從事教學(xué)、化學(xué)品開(kāi)發(fā)研究和化學(xué)工程設(shè)計(jì)工作,Eml:jshu@163.com計(jì)算帆與贈(zèng)化2010,27(2)3石墨制氯化氫合成爐氣體出口溫度的確的換熱面積若換熱面積與型號(hào)不接近,則重新假設(shè)出口溫定方法度。若換熱面積與型號(hào)近等則假設(shè)的合成爐氣體出口溫度成立,其主要數(shù)學(xué)模型及計(jì)算程序見(jiàn)框圖2。石晏制氯化氫合成爐氣體出口溫度的確定方法,先根據(jù)系統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)能力選擇合成爐的型號(hào)再假設(shè)合成爐氣體出口4研究結(jié)果與分析溫度,然后根據(jù)所確定的設(shè)計(jì)程序和數(shù)學(xué)模型,計(jì)算合成爐影響合成爐合成氣出口溫度的主要因素是爐體結(jié)構(gòu)及假設(shè)合成爐燈頭溫度(a)根據(jù)系統(tǒng)化氧生產(chǎn)能力選撣合成爐型!(S),確定合成爐的結(jié)構(gòu)參hypothesizing lamp cap temperatureof synthetic fumacetype of synthetic furnace, determining structure parameters of synthetic fuma計(jì)算合成爐燈頭溫度(1ir) calculating lamp cap temperature of synthetic fumace4A【Gm2(29815k)<;s△Ca)10+Gp△H29815)(ms△CD10引Ga一i賈計(jì)算原料氯、氣在入爐溫度下的熱量(Qdetermining lamp cap temperature ofhydrogen gas mixture in charging temperaturenthetic fuma原料氣組成,溫度及氣量比假設(shè)鼠、氫氣混合氣體溫度f(wàn)f gas composition, temperatureydrogen gas mixture假設(shè)合成爐氣體出凵度計(jì)算,氮?dú)怏w作混合體度下的熱量(Q2hypothesizing outlet gas temperature ofcaleulating heat quantity of chlorine and hydrogegas in mIxture gas temperature計(jì)算合成爐需雯移出的熱量Q≠Q(mào)is needed toQv.Oxremove in synthesis furnac根據(jù)冷卻水條件,計(jì)算冷卻水流量determining temperature of chlorine andcalculating flowrate of cooling watercalhydrogen gas mixture計(jì)算合成爐內(nèi)對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)算合成爐夾套側(cè)對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)calculating convective heat transfer coefficientin the synthetic furnacein jacket of synthetic furnaceh=036X含嘗4-0=計(jì)算總傳熱系數(shù)計(jì)算合成爐的總傳熱血積(S)calculating total heat transfer coeficientcalculating total heat transfer surface areab-+·×是+דxs議△LS4q≠S黑確定合成爐氣體出凵溫度determining outlet gas temperature of中國(guó)煤化工CNMHGFig 2 The mathematic model and calculating program drawing of hydrogen chloride graphite synthetic fumace gas outlet temperature圖2石墨制氯化氫合成爐氣體出口溫度計(jì)算程序框圖及數(shù)學(xué)模型2010,27(2熊潔羽,等:石墨合成爐的結(jié)構(gòu)及生產(chǎn)條件對(duì)合成氣出口溫度的影響生產(chǎn)條件生產(chǎn)條件包括入爐原料氣組成溫度和氯氫氣量由圖3可知同一冷卻水條件下,不同型號(hào)合成爐的合比二合一氯化氫石墨合成爐系統(tǒng)氯化氫氣體生產(chǎn)能力和合成氣出口溫度不同,而且在同一型號(hào)合成爐生產(chǎn)能力范圍成爐冷卻水的溫度。內(nèi)出口溫度與生產(chǎn)能力幾乎呈線性增加。4.1合成爐結(jié)構(gòu)與氯化氫合成氣出口溫度表1原料氣的生產(chǎn)條件在原料氣生產(chǎn)條件(見(jiàn)表1)和冷卻水條件相同下,研究Table 1 The productive condition of unstripped7種不同型號(hào)的石墨合成爐(SsL300、SSL400、ssL500、SSL600、SSL-700SS800、SSL900)合成氣出口溫度與生產(chǎn)能力的關(guān)系,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖3。a2B2a%202"0吁B則m sf charine gas 95.50.5 20 0.6 1.4 0.02 12 1: 1.05 0.11m stuff bydrogen g 99.80.21: 1. 05 0114.2原料氣組成、溫度和氯氫氣量比對(duì)氯化氫合成氣出口溫度的影響原料氣組成及生產(chǎn)條件見(jiàn)表2,本文分別研究入爐氯氫氣組成氣量比和溫度變化對(duì)合成爐合成氣出口溫度的影響結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖4246810n241618202224262830由圖4的12線可看出,人爐原料氣組成對(duì)合成氣出口-SSL-300 2-SSL400 3-SSL-500 4-SSL-600 SSSL- 700 6-SSL-800 7. 900Fig, 3 The relation drawing of synthesis gas outlet temperatur溫度有一定影響,與氯氣純度的增高成反比。3、4線可看vs production capacity in26℃-32℃出,人爐原料氣的氯氫氣量比對(duì)合成氣出口溫度有較大影circulating water cooling conation.響氯氫氣量比愈大,則合成氣出口溫度愈低。56線可看圖326℃-32℃循環(huán)水冷卻條件下合成氣出口出,原料氣溫度的變化對(duì)合成氣出口溫度幾乎沒(méi)有影響溫度與生產(chǎn)能力的關(guān)系表2原料氣組成及生產(chǎn)條件Table 2 The unstripped gas complexity and productive condition.olume percent/%mole rate temperature system pressCl H2 0, N2 CO2force/MPadrawing linel raw stuff chlorine gas95.50.52.00.61.40.02raw stuff hydrogen gas80.20.1197.30.41.01,10.2uff hydrogen9980.230.5drawing line 3 raw stuff chlorine gas95.50.5200.61.40.0212raw stuff hydrogen gas9980230.5drawing line 4 raw stuff chlorine gas95.50.5200.6140.0212Iw stuff hydrogen gas9980.230.51:1.100.11cooling watercal95.505200.61.40.02raw stuff hydroge9980.230.50.11drawing line 695.50.52.00.61.40.0299.80.21:1.cooling watercal4.3冷卻水對(duì)氯化氫合成氣出囗溫度的影響相差也越大在表1原料氣生產(chǎn)條件下,選用SSL800型合成爐研究不同冷卻水條件下(1.70-80℃熱水冷卻,250-60℃熱水5結(jié)語(yǔ)冷卻,326-30℃循環(huán)水冷卻,4一次水18-22℃冷卻)合中國(guó)煤化特點(diǎn)入手提出合成成氣出口溫度與生產(chǎn)能力的關(guān)系結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖5。爐氣體CN Gal Basic5.0編制的由圖5可知合成爐型號(hào)和生產(chǎn)能力相同冷卻水條件應(yīng)用軟件研究合成爐結(jié)構(gòu)及生產(chǎn)條件對(duì)合成爐氣體出口溫不同合成氣出口溫度不同,而且在同一溫差條件下冷卻水度的影響結(jié)論如下溫度越高,則合成氣出口溫度也越高溫差越大則出口溫度(1)合成爐型號(hào)不同,其合成氣出口溫度不同,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)166計(jì)算機(jī)與用化2010,27(2)值,J△FA(29815k)氯化氫合成反應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)熱烤,婦J·md-△H2(298.15k)水蒸氣合成反應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)摩爾反應(yīng)熱增,kJ·md-1q合成爐移出熱量J·h-1冷卻水進(jìn)出口的溫差,℃G水冷卻水的質(zhì)量流量,kg·hC冷卻水比熱容婦·kg1·℃合成爐內(nèi)對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù),w·m-2.℃1d91011213|4sl6178192021222324production capacity /(HCI fd)合成氣在定性溫度下的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)w·m1·℃成氣在定性溫度下的粘度,Pa1-unstripped gAs commotion;2 -unstripped gas commotion2;3mole峪卩合成氣在爐體內(nèi)的質(zhì)量流速kg·m-2·srate Cl: H21: 1. 05; 4-mole rate Cl2: H2 1: 1. 10: 5-12, 20 CC合合成氣在定性溫度下的比熱容,J·kg1·℃unstripped gas temperature; 6-12, 30 t unstripped gas temperature.μ合成氣在壁溫下的粘度Pa合成爐夾套側(cè)冷卻水的導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)w·m-1·℃1合成爐夾套側(cè)對(duì)流傳熱系數(shù)w·m2℃vs production capacity in different unstripped gas productive condition圖4不同原料氣生產(chǎn)條件下合成氣出口溫度與生產(chǎn)能力的關(guān)系合成爐夾套側(cè)冷卻水的質(zhì)量流速kg·m-2·1d合成爐夾套側(cè)流道的當(dāng)量直徑,mC合成爐夾套側(cè)冷卻水的比熱容,婦kg1·t合成爐夾套側(cè)冷卻水的粘度kg·m-1·U總傳熱系數(shù)合成爐換熱面積,m2△n平均對(duì)數(shù)溫差,℃合成爐爐體內(nèi)壁側(cè)熱阻,m2·℃·Wproduction capacity /(HCI dd)合成爐夾套側(cè)熱阻,m2℃,W合成爐爐體對(duì)數(shù)平均直徑,mFig 5 The relation drawing of synthesis gas outletRb爐體材料導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)w·m1·℃1temperature VS production capacity in different cooling成爐爐體壁厚,m低溫流體側(cè)溫差,℃圖5SsL800型合成爐,在不同冷卻水條件下合成高溫流體側(cè)溫差,℃氣出口溫度與生產(chǎn)能力的關(guān)系應(yīng)根據(jù)所選合成爐而確定其合成氣出口溫度。References(2)原料氣組成對(duì)合成氣出口溫度有一定影響表現(xiàn)為1 Dai Z F. 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This paper presents mathematic model and calculating program of determining outlet gas temperature from synthet-ic furnace structure character, and through application software was exploited with Visual Basic 5.0 study SSL-300-SSL-900 syntheticfumace structure and productive condition effect on synthetic outlet gas temperature. Results showed that, synthetic outlet gas tempera-ture is different for different model, this paper design conditions is repectively260℃,236℃,245℃,32l℃,343℃,368℃,and418 C. Outlet gas temperature is decreases with the increase of chlorine gas purity or chlorine and hydrogen gas quantity. Changes offeed gas temperature is almost no effect to outlet gas temperature. Outlet gas temperature is increase with the increase of coolingtemperature under synthetic furmace of same type condition. The project research provide theoretical basis for optimum design of two-in-Key words: hydrogen chloride, graphite synthetic furnace, outlet templt lyu中國(guó)煤化工CN MH Gevised: 2009-06-23)