花生學(xué)報(bào)2005 34(4)7~11Journal of Peanut Science ,Vol. 34 , No.4 ,2005文章編號(hào):1002 4093( 2005 )04-0007-05河南省花生品種產(chǎn)量性狀的遺傳改良楊海棠'2崔黨群'馬東波( 1.河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)河南鄭州450002 2.鄭州市農(nóng)林科學(xué)研究所河南鄭州450005 ;3.新鄭市農(nóng)業(yè)局河南新鄭451100 )摘要選用近二十年在河南省推廣的12個(gè)花生品種為試驗(yàn)材料對(duì)花生品種主要性狀的遺傳改良進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明品種的產(chǎn)量及其構(gòu)成因素得到了明顯的改良。2000 年以后審定的近期品種產(chǎn)量水平有較大提高比早期1994年以前)和中期1995 ~ 1999年)的品種平均增產(chǎn)540 kg/hm2增產(chǎn)幅度達(dá)6. 8%。近期品種在單株果重、單株飽果數(shù)、百果重和單株有效果數(shù)上比中期和早期有極顯著地增加500g仁數(shù)顯著降低產(chǎn)量性狀中只有出仁率和500 g果數(shù)變化較小。近期品種的脂肪含量比早期品種有顯著和極顯著地提高近期品種的蛋白質(zhì)含量比中期品種有所下降比早期品種都有極顯著地提高,而且幅度較大。近期品種的株高較中期品種降低4. 9 cm側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)減少4.33 cm總分枝數(shù)比前期和中期減少了2個(gè)左右,但結(jié)果枝數(shù)變化不大。生育期明顯縮短由前期的135 ~ 140 d縮短到近期的120 d左右。近期審定推廣的珍珠豆型品種遠(yuǎn)雜9307與早期品種魯花12號(hào)相比大多數(shù)性狀得到了明顯地改良。從各性狀的遺傳變異系數(shù)和改良潛力看單株有效果數(shù)、單株飽果數(shù)和單株果重的改良幅度較大出仁率、蛋白質(zhì)含量和脂肪含量較小。關(guān)鍵詞花生品種產(chǎn)量性狀品質(zhì)性狀植株性狀遺傳改良中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):565. 203文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:AEvolution of Main Traits for Peanut( A. hypogaea L. ) Cultivars in Henan ProvinceYANG Hai-tang'2 , CUI Dang-qun' , MA Dong-bo'( 1. Henan Agricultural University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China ;2. Zhengzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences ,Zhengzhou 450005 , China 3. Xinzheng Beaura of Agriculture , Xinzheng 451100 , China )Abstract :12 elite released cultivars in the past two decades in Henan province were used to study the evolution of maintraits. The results showed that yield , quality and other traits had been improved greatly for the large or middle size peanutcultivars. Yield of the current cultivars bred after 2000 increased obviously with an average of 540 kg/ha , as compared withthat of the early stage cultivars( before 1994 ) and of the middle stage cultivars( 1995 ~ 1999 ). Pod weight per plant , No.of plump pods per plant，100-pod weight and No. of pods per plant of the current cultivars increased and No. of peanutsper 500g decreased very significantly , but shelling percentage and No. of pods per 500g changed lttle. Compared with theearly stage and the middle stage cultivars , fat percent increased significantly and very significantly ，respectively，and pro-tein percent decreased and increased very significantly , respectively. Plant height of the current cultivars decreased by 4.9cm than that of the middle stage , and branch length decreased by 2.33 cm. No. of branches decreased and No. of bran-ches with pods was the same. The growth time was shortened from 135 ~ 140 days before 1994 to about 120 days after2000. For the small size cultivars , Yuanza 9307 , bred after 2000 , had the advantages over Luhua 12 in most traits. Ac-cording to cofficient of genetic variation and improved potential of dfferent traits ,No. of pods and plump pods and podweight per plant had been improved greatly , and shelling percentage lttle.Key words : peanut ( A. hypogaea L. ) cultivars ; yield traits ; quality traits ; plant traits ; evolution中國(guó)煤化工河南省花生種植歷史悠久面積在國(guó)內(nèi)居首位年種植HCNMH二產(chǎn)達(dá)2850 kt ,已成為繼小麥和玉米之后的第三大作物面積、總產(chǎn)量占全國(guó)的1/5以上小心昌小士工凹四T工)的發(fā)展起著重要作用[21。.近五十年來(lái)河南省花生品種經(jīng)歷了五次大更新農(nóng)藝性狀發(fā)生了明顯變化產(chǎn)量性狀間更加協(xié)調(diào)合理產(chǎn)量水平*收稿日期2005-06-30作者簡(jiǎn)介楊海棠( 1964- )女河南鞏義人鄭州市農(nóng)林科學(xué)研究所副研究員碩士主要從事花生育種研究。8花生學(xué)報(bào)34卷不斷提高品質(zhì)性狀有所改善。但是隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的改善，對(duì)花生品種的要求也越來(lái)越高,從河南省目前推廣的品種來(lái)看品種的類(lèi)型和數(shù)量還不能完全滿足不同生態(tài)區(qū)生產(chǎn)的需要生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品還不能完全滿足市場(chǎng)的需求品種的產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)、抗病性、穩(wěn)產(chǎn)性等仍需進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)再加上育種研究起步晚以及基礎(chǔ)研究力量相對(duì)薄弱這無(wú)疑為今后的品種改良工作帶來(lái)-定困難。因此總結(jié)河南省花生育種取得的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析品種主要性狀的改良潛力和途徑發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的問(wèn)題提出未來(lái)的發(fā)展方向使河南省花生育種和生產(chǎn)再上一個(gè)新臺(tái)階。1材料與方法1.1試驗(yàn)材料和田間試驗(yàn)選用近二十年在河南省生產(chǎn)上主推的代表品種12個(gè)(見(jiàn)表1 )其中遠(yuǎn)雜9307和魯花12號(hào)為珍珠豆型花生品種其余10個(gè)品種均為普通型中大果花生品種根據(jù)審定推廣的時(shí)間和在品種更換中的作用將其分為三個(gè)不同時(shí)期近期(2000~2004年)中期(1995~2000年)早期(1986~1994年)。在供試品種中魯花11號(hào)和魯花12號(hào)為山東省花生研究所選育分別為當(dāng)前全國(guó)北方區(qū)春播大粒組區(qū)域(生產(chǎn))試驗(yàn)和小粒組區(qū)域(生產(chǎn))試驗(yàn)對(duì)照種,在河南有-定面積的種植。田間試驗(yàn)于2004年在滎陽(yáng)試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行,試驗(yàn)地為沙壤土,肥力中上等排灌方便。小區(qū)面積13. 34 m2完全隨機(jī)區(qū)組排列三次重復(fù)。每穴兩粒種子行距40 cm株距16.7 cm 5行區(qū)。全生育期由于雨水充足沒(méi)有澆水沒(méi)有病蟲(chóng)害發(fā)生肥料以雞糞30 m^/hm2，配以復(fù)合肥525 kg/hm'在播種前一次施入土壤。表1供試花生 品種及基本情況Table 1The information of 12 tested culivars品種審定年份全生育期選育單位品種類(lèi)型時(shí)期Stage系譜PedigreeCultivarRegistered yearGrowth timm( d)Breeding unitType of cultivar鄭花5號(hào)魯花3號(hào)xPI 9815河南省農(nóng)科院普通型大)2004120Henan Academy ofZhenghua No. 5Luhua No. 3 xPI 9815Agriculural SciencesNommal( Large )遠(yuǎn)雜9307白沙1016x福青珍珠豆型2002108Yuanza 9307Baisha 1016 x FuqingPearl typeAgricultural Sciences濮花16號(hào)濮陽(yáng)513x豫花1號(hào).濮陽(yáng)市農(nóng)科所普通型(大)近期2002 .122Puyang Institute ofPuhua No. 16Puyang 513 x Yuhua No. 1Normnal ( Large )(2000~2004)鄭州市農(nóng)科所鄭8159-1新城早x69-144普通型(中)Current stageZheng 8159-12001115Xinchengzao x69-144Zhengzhou Institute ofNormal ( Medum )豫花15號(hào)PI2 x徐7506-572000Yuhua No. 15PI2 x Xu 7506-57Normal( Large )豫花16號(hào)魯花12號(hào)x濮花9號(hào)普通蝥大)Yuhua No. 16Luhua No. 12 x Puhua No.9豫花8號(hào)7410-94-1-1 x豫花1號(hào)中期1996Yuhua No. 87410-94-1-1 x Yuhua No. 1(1995~1999)豫花7號(hào)開(kāi)封大拖秧x徐州68-4Middle stage199512Yuhua No.7Kaifngdatuoyang x Xuzhou684魯花12號(hào)伏花生x魯花1號(hào)山東省花生所1994110Shandong PeanutLabua No. 12Fuhuasheng x Lahua No. 1Research Institute早期豫花6號(hào)1993105中國(guó)煤化工省農(nóng)科院.( 1986 ~ 194)Yuhua No. 6MHCN M H Gral SoiencesNormal ( Medum)山樂(lè)省花生所魯花11號(hào)花28 x徐534-2-1Early stage1992130Luhua No. 11Hua28 x Xu 534-2-1Normal ( Large )?；?號(hào).臨花1號(hào)x白沙171河南省農(nóng)科院認(rèn)定)1986139Haihua No. 1Linhua No. 1 x Baisha 1711.2農(nóng)藝性狀和產(chǎn)量性狀的調(diào)查4期楊海棠等河南省花生品種產(chǎn)量性狀的遺傳改良9生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育期間記載出苗期、開(kāi)花期、封行期、成熟期在成熟前10 d每小區(qū)取10株有代表性的植株進(jìn)行考種,考查植株性狀包括株高、側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)、總分枝數(shù)、結(jié)果枝數(shù)產(chǎn)量性狀在收獲后隨機(jī)取樣室內(nèi)考種考查項(xiàng)目有單株飽果數(shù)、單株有效果數(shù)、500 g果數(shù)、500g仁數(shù)、單株果重、百仁重、百果重、出仁率、莢果產(chǎn)量。1.3品質(zhì)性狀的測(cè)定品質(zhì)性狀測(cè)定在鄭州市農(nóng)科所測(cè)試中心完成籽仁粗蛋白含量的測(cè)定采用凱氏定氮法籽仁粗脂肪含量的測(cè)定采用殘余法。1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)分析方法對(duì)各性狀進(jìn)行方差分析然后采用單個(gè)自由度分析法比較珍珠豆型品種間以及不同時(shí)期普通型品種間各性狀的差異并計(jì)算各性狀的改良潛力3A1。2結(jié)果與分析15個(gè)性狀的方差分析結(jié)果表明各性狀12個(gè)品種間的差異均達(dá)到極顯著水平,說(shuō)明品種間的差異比較大。通過(guò)對(duì)不同時(shí)期品種的單個(gè)自由度比較分析進(jìn)一步 探討各性狀的遺傳規(guī)律。2.1產(chǎn)量性狀的遺傳改良不同時(shí)期品種的產(chǎn)量性狀表現(xiàn)和差異顯著性測(cè)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分別列于表2和表3。可以看出近期品種的產(chǎn)量水平極顯著地高于中期和早期品種,中期和早期品種間無(wú)顯著差異,說(shuō)明2000年以后審定的品種產(chǎn)量水平有較大提高比早期和中期品種平均增產(chǎn)540kg/hm2增產(chǎn)幅度為6.8%。進(jìn)一步分析產(chǎn)量性狀的變化規(guī)律發(fā)現(xiàn)近期品種.在單株果重、單株飽果數(shù)、百果重和單株有效果數(shù)上比中期和早期品種有極顯著增加單株果重比中期和早期品種分別增加2.25 g和3.10g單株飽果數(shù)增加1.19個(gè)和1.39個(gè),百果重增加10.45 g和7.37 g單株有效果數(shù)增加2.15個(gè)和1.99個(gè)500g仁數(shù)有極顯著地降低比中期和早期分別減少51.46個(gè)和84.89個(gè),說(shuō)明產(chǎn)量水平的提高與這些性狀的改良有關(guān)而出仁率和500g果數(shù)變化較小說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)性狀沒(méi)有明顯地改進(jìn)。表2不同時(shí)期品種的產(chǎn)量性狀表現(xiàn)Table2 The perfomance of yield traits for the culitivars of diferent stage產(chǎn)量出仁率單株果重單株飽果數(shù)百果重百仁重單株有效果數(shù) 500g果數(shù) 500g仁數(shù)品種ShellingPods weight Plump pods100-pod100-peanutPods perPeanutsCultivarsYieldpercentageper plantweightplant500gper 500g( kg)(%)(g)' (個(gè))(個(gè))近期品種6. 0073. 8521. 12205. 80.79. 8314.49317. 94713. 34Current cultivars中期品種5. 2674. 6418. 879.49.195. 3579. 3312. 32319. 50 .764. 80Mid-stage culivars早期品種5. 3072. 6117. 029.29197.4375. 7812. 50318. 67798. 23Early-stage cultivars遠(yuǎn)雜9307Yuanz:93075. 9775.7726. 53174. 072. 5023.27359.0791. 70魯花12號(hào)Luhual24. 96 .76. 1314. 80，8.70157.765. 33.17.00405. 70964. 70表3不同時(shí)期品種的產(chǎn)量性狀間的差異比較Table 3 Significant test of yield traits between the culitivars of different stage比較百仁重單株有效果數(shù)500g 果數(shù)500g仁數(shù)Pods petPeanulsComparisonspercenlage近期與中期0.74* *-0.79 *2.25* *1. 19**10.45**0.502.17**-1.56-51.46* *Current vs middle近期與早期0.70**1.24*4. 10**1.39**中國(guó)煤化工-0.73-84.89**Current v8 early中期與早期-0.04.2.03** 1. 85**0.20**MHCNMHG0.83-33.43**Middle vs early珍珠豆型間1.01** -0. 365.97**16.30**7.17*●6.27**- 46.70**- 173.00**Small size cultivars兩個(gè)珍珠豆型品種除出仁率外其他性狀均有極顯著差異近期審定推廣的品種遠(yuǎn)雜9307在小區(qū)產(chǎn)量、單株果重、單株飽果數(shù)、百果重、百仁重和單株有效果數(shù)上比早期品種魯花12號(hào)有極顯著地增加在500g果數(shù)和500g仁數(shù)上有極顯著地降低而且幅度均較大除百果重和百仁重外其他產(chǎn)量性狀均達(dá)到或超過(guò)最好的普通型大中果品10花生學(xué)報(bào)34卷種,說(shuō)明近期選育出的珍珠豆型品種遠(yuǎn)雜9307在產(chǎn)量性狀上有極大的突破。2.2品 質(zhì)性狀的演變.不同時(shí)期品種的品質(zhì)性狀表現(xiàn)和差異顯著性測(cè)驗(yàn)結(jié)果見(jiàn)表4?？梢钥闯鼋谄贩N的脂肪含量有一定提高 ,比早期品種有顯著提高比中期品種有極顯著提高分別提高0.92%和0.66%,但與55%的全國(guó)攻關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)仍有較大差距近期品種的蛋白質(zhì)含量比中期品種有所下降比早期品種有極顯著地提高而且幅度較大,但與30%的國(guó)家攻關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)還有差距。因此在今后的品種選育過(guò)程中需重視對(duì)品質(zhì)性狀的改良。遠(yuǎn)雜9307與魯花12號(hào)相比脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)含量均有極顯著提高尤其是遠(yuǎn)雜9307脂肪含量達(dá)到54.07%,E接近55%的高油品種標(biāo)準(zhǔn),說(shuō)明其品質(zhì)性狀也獲得了較大的改進(jìn)。表4不同時(shí) 期品種的品質(zhì)性狀及其差異顯著性Table 4 Performance and signifcant test of quality traits between the culitivars of diferent stage性狀近期品種中期品種 早期品種遠(yuǎn)雜9307魯花12號(hào)近期與中期近期與早期中期與早期珍珠豆型間CurentMid-stage Farly-stageCurrent Vs Current Vs Mid-stage vs Between smallTraitsYuanz89307 Luhual2cultivarscultivars cultivarsmid-stageearly-stage early-stagesize cultivars脂肪含量51.6650.7451.0054.0751.780.920.66*-0.262.29●Fat content蛋白質(zhì)含量27.6828. 8325.63.29. 8428.30-1. I5**2.05**3.20**1.54**Protein content2.3植 株形態(tài)性狀的演變不同時(shí)期品種的植株形態(tài)性狀表現(xiàn)和差異顯著性測(cè)驗(yàn)結(jié)果列于表5。可以看出,中期品種的株高較高近期和早期品種的株高較低- C者沒(méi)有顯著差異。近期品種的株高由中期的53.05 cm降至48. 15 cm側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)由59. 50 cm降至55.17cm株高的降低使品種的抗倒伏能力明顯增強(qiáng),同時(shí)有利于養(yǎng)分的集中吸收發(fā)揮品種自身的豐產(chǎn)潛力。近期品種的總分枝數(shù)比前期和中期減少了2個(gè)左右但結(jié)果枝數(shù)變化不大表明隨著植株的矮化使花生的株型結(jié)構(gòu)日趨合理可以改善群體的透光性能避免由于株高降低而造成群體蔭蔽,從而進(jìn)-步改善光合性能。遠(yuǎn)雜9307在株高、側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)、總分枝數(shù)和結(jié)果枝數(shù)等植株性狀上比魯花12號(hào)有極顯著地增加其中總分枝數(shù)和結(jié)果枝數(shù)的增加幅度較大這可能也是產(chǎn)量水平有較大提高的原因之一。但是,遠(yuǎn)雜9307的無(wú)效分枝數(shù)較多每株平均達(dá)7.13個(gè),而魯花12號(hào)只有1.86個(gè)過(guò)多的無(wú)效分枝不僅會(huì)影響合理密植和過(guò)多消耗養(yǎng)分也會(huì)造成小環(huán)境惡化導(dǎo)致病蟲(chóng)害的發(fā)生。表5不同時(shí)期品種植株性狀及其差異顯著性Table 5 Performance and significant test of plant traits between the culitivars of diferent stage近期品種中期品種早期品種近期與中期近期與早期中期與早期珍珠 豆型間Mid-stage Early-stageYuanz9307 Luhua12Curent Vs Current Vs Mid-stage vs Between smallmid-stage early-stage early-stage size cultivars主莖高48. 1553.0548.3238.8335.47-4.90**-0.17-4.73**3.36***Plant height側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)55. 1759. 5053.30.45.7042.27-4.33**1.87**6.20**3.43**Branch length總分枝數(shù)9. 8910. 1711.39 .16. 23.7. 83-0.28-1.50** -1.22*8.40**Branches結(jié)果枝數(shù)7.477.007.809.105.970.47-0.33-0.80* *3.13**_Branches pods2.4生 育期的演變成熟期提前是當(dāng)前花生品種的特點(diǎn)之一。早期品種生中國(guó)煤化工如?；?號(hào)為139d魯花11號(hào)為130d主要是為了適應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)一年-熟制的需要。為:TCHCNMH(要求中期和近期品種生育期一般在120d左右如豫花15號(hào)、豫花16號(hào)和鄭8159-1的土月期功在110豫化。虧和鄭花5號(hào)在120d豫花7號(hào)和濮花16號(hào)在122d。珍珠豆型品種遠(yuǎn)雜9307和魯花12號(hào)比較接近,分別為108d和110d。2.5主要性狀的遺傳參數(shù)和改良潛力表6列出了各性狀的遺傳參數(shù)和改良潛力。從表6可以看出單株果重、主莖高、側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)、單株有效果數(shù)、百果重、小區(qū)產(chǎn)量、單株飽果數(shù)的遺傳力均在95%以上。根據(jù)育種目標(biāo)對(duì)上述性狀直接進(jìn)行選擇效果較好。其次為總4期楊海棠等河南省花生品種產(chǎn)量性狀的遺傳改良11分枝數(shù)、結(jié)果枝數(shù)、出仁率等遺傳力在90% ~95%之間蛋白質(zhì)含量和脂肪含量的遺傳力相對(duì)較低在90%以下。單株有效果數(shù)的遺傳變異系數(shù)( GCV )最大為27.43%其次是單株飽果數(shù)、總分枝數(shù)和單株果重說(shuō)明這些性狀的遺傳變異較大遺傳改良比較有效而出仁率、脂肪含量、蛋白質(zhì)含量的GCV最小在6%以下其他性狀的GCV處于中間水平。改良潛力也能在-定程度上反映改良的效果[347]。從表中看出單株有效果數(shù)、單株飽果數(shù)和單株果重的改良潛力較大出仁率、蛋白質(zhì)含量、產(chǎn)量、脂肪含量和側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)較小這與遺傳變異系數(shù)的結(jié)果基本-致。表6各性狀的遺傳參數(shù)和改良潛力Table 6 Genetic parameter and improved potential of each trait遺傳方差環(huán)境方差遺傳力遺傳變異系數(shù)改良潛力性狀TraitsEnvironmentalImprovementGenetic varianceHeritabilityGCVvariancepotentiel主莖高Plant height33.241.4395.8812.2213. 85側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)Branch length28.121.4195.249. 908.79總分枝數(shù)Branches4. 920.4591.6320.7918. 67結(jié)果枝數(shù)Branches with pods0. 870.0891.9812.3519.12單株果重Pods weight per plant14.110. 3697.5431.17出仁率Selling percentage4.990.3793.053.024.75單株飽果數(shù)Plump pods per plant6.010. 3394.8122. 0635.51百果重100-pod weigh655.862. 2399. 6613.1119.28百仁重100-peanut weight91.340.2499.7412.5620. 99500g果數(shù)Pods per 500g1823. 6322.7298.7712.9716.80500g仁數(shù)Peanuts per 500g10752. 0363.5599.4113.4620. 66單株有效果數(shù)Pods per plant15. 980.1399.2027.4357.31小區(qū)產(chǎn)量Yield0.470.0197.1512. 397.61脂肪含量Fat content .3.730.4389.643.758. 62蛋白質(zhì)含量Protein content2. 530. 3986.595.76.6.103結(jié)論與討論通過(guò)對(duì)近二十年在河南省推廣的12個(gè)花生品種主要性狀的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)品種的產(chǎn)量、品質(zhì)和植株性狀均得到了明顯的改良。對(duì)于普通型大中果品種2000年以后審定的近期品種的產(chǎn)量水平有較大提高,比早期和中期品種平均增產(chǎn)540kg/hm2增產(chǎn)幅度達(dá)6.8%。近期品種在單株果重、單株飽果數(shù)、百果重和單株有效果數(shù)上比中期和早期有極顯著地增加,500g仁數(shù)有極顯著地降低產(chǎn)量性狀中只有出仁率和500g果數(shù)變化較小。近期品種的脂肪含量比早期品種有顯著地提高比中期品種有極顯著地提高近期品種的蛋白質(zhì)含量比中期的有所下降比早期品種有極顯著地提高而且幅度較大。近期品種的株高由中期品種的53.05cm降至48.15cm側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)由59.50cm降至55.17cm總分枝數(shù)比前期和中期品種減少了2個(gè)左右,但結(jié)果枝數(shù)變化不大。生育期明顯縮短,由前期的135~140d縮短到近期的120d左右?？梢?jiàn)近期育成的品種株型矮化生育期縮短產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素都有不同程度的提高或保持不變這樣提高了收獲指數(shù),從而提高了光能利用率。脂肪含量的提高顯然是育種工作者根據(jù)花生的主要用途作為育種目標(biāo)進(jìn)行選育的結(jié)果。近期審定推廣的珍珠豆型品種遠(yuǎn)雜9307與早期品種魯花12號(hào)相比,大多數(shù)性狀得到了明顯的改良。小區(qū)莢果產(chǎn)量、單株果重、單株飽果數(shù)、百果重、百仁重和單株有效果數(shù)有極顯著地增加,500 g果數(shù)和500 g仁數(shù)有極顯著地降低而且幅度均較大除百果重和百仁重外其他產(chǎn)量性狀均達(dá)到或超過(guò)最好的普通大中果品種。脂肪和蛋白質(zhì)含量均有極顯著地提高尤其是遠(yuǎn)雜9307的脂肪含量達(dá)到54.07%,已接近高油品種55%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。株高、側(cè)枝長(zhǎng)、總分枝數(shù)和結(jié)果枝數(shù)等植株性狀比魯花12號(hào)有極顯著地增加其中總分枝數(shù)和結(jié)果枝數(shù)的增加幅度較大。這些結(jié)果表明近期選育出的遠(yuǎn)雜9307是珍珠豆型品種選育的中國(guó)煤化工河南是全國(guó)的花生大省花生在全省農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)中占有舉:YHCN M H C多更好的花生新品種花生生產(chǎn)才能持續(xù)穩(wěn)定地向前發(fā)展。面對(duì)不斷變化的國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)巾場(chǎng)化生肯柙⊥作省必須有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)和階段目標(biāo),并隨時(shí)調(diào)整對(duì)策確定各時(shí)期的主攻方向。在種質(zhì)資源利用方面注意搜集、鑒定和保存優(yōu)良種質(zhì)資源擴(kuò)大資源的利用范圍同時(shí)還要不斷創(chuàng)造新的資源材料。在育種方法和手段上，以雜交育種為主輔以遠(yuǎn)緣雜交、誘導(dǎo)變異、(下轉(zhuǎn)24頁(yè))24花生學(xué)報(bào)34卷in large gene clusters' 13 . The relative order and transcriptional drection of some of the homologous gene pairs though arenot conserved. Thus far ,most of the genes in the respective clusters have been shown to encode enzymes required fortoxin biosynthesis'l. At least two genes ,aflR and agfUJ , play a regulatory rolel 10].But why these fungi produce sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin ; what effect ,if any , peanut seed capsule have on fungalcontamination ; and how the fungal interconnect with seed capsule are still complex question. To solve these questions , weconduct this experiment and try to find out the special locus in seed capsule , to which A. flavus may attach. The results ofthis experiment was valuable to carry out deep research , especially those function unknown genes should be put much em-phasis on. 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