第30卷第I期大豆科學(xué)Vol 30 No. 12011年2月SOYBEAN SCIENCEFeb.2011微波輔助乙醇提取大豆異黃酮的研究于海蓮(四川理工學(xué)院材料與化學(xué)工程學(xué)院四川自貢643000摘要:以乙醇作為萃取劑,采用微波法從大豆中提取異黃酮,分別考察了微波功率、乙醇的體積分?jǐn)?shù)料液比和微波輻射時(shí)間對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響。結(jié)果表明:從大豆中提取異黃酮的最佳工藝條件:微波功率400W、乙醇的體積分?jǐn)?shù)50%、料液比1:4、微波輻射時(shí)間5min。在最佳工藝條件下,異黃酮的提取量1.3205mg·g1。與傳統(tǒng)溶劑法相比微波法不僅節(jié)省時(shí)間,而且提取效率高,是一種快速、高效、節(jié)能的新型提取工藝。關(guān)鍵詞:大豆;黃酮;提取;微波;分光光度法中圖分類號(hào):TQ645.9文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A文章編號(hào):10009841(2011)014014403Extraction of Isoflavonoids from Soybean by Ethanol Assisted Microwave Irradi-ationYU Hai-lianCollege of Material and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science Engineering, Zigong 643000, Sichuan, China)Abstract: Isoflavonoids were extracted from soybean with alcohol as extractant assisted by microwave irradiation. The extractedsoflavonoids were measured by spectrophotography. The effect factors such as microwave power, volume fraction of ethanolthe rate of garlic slurry to ethanol and microwave irradiation time on extraction of isoflavonoids from soybean were investigatedThe obtained optimum conditions were as follows: that microwave power was 400 W, volume fraction of ethanol was 50%, therate of soybean slurry to ethanol was 1: 4 and microwave irradiation time was 5 min. Under the optimum condition withdrawalof isoflavonoid was 1. 3205 mg.g". Compared with the traditional solvent extraction, microwave irradiation extraction forisoflavonoids from soybean has the characteristics of shorter extracting time and higher efficiency and lower cost.Key words: Soybean; Flavonoids Extraction; Microwave irradiation; Spectrophotography大豆異黃酮屬植物類雌激素,具有弱的雌激素取異黃酮的研究鮮有報(bào)道。為此筆者利用微波輻樣活性,是一類具有重要生理活性的物質(zhì)。具有促射技術(shù)從大豆中提取異黃酮,并系統(tǒng)地研究了該工進(jìn)動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng),增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫力,提高動(dòng)物泌乳,調(diào)節(jié)藝的彩響因素,以期為大豆的綜合開(kāi)發(fā)提供依據(jù)。動(dòng)物繁殖,增加產(chǎn)蛋等生理作用(13。此外,大豆異黃酮還具有強(qiáng)心,抗缺氧和抑制性激素依賴性腫瘤材料與方法生長(zhǎng)的作用。大豆異黃酮作為飼料添加劑具有劑1.1試劑與儀器量小、見(jiàn)效快、毒性低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可有效克服抗生素和試劑:石油醚、氫氧化鈉、硅藻土、乙醇、亞硝酸人工合成飼料添加劑的不足1。因此將大豆異黃鈉、硝酸鋁、鹽酸,均為分析純。酮從大豆中提取出來(lái)并加以應(yīng)用具有較好的社會(huì)原料:大豆,市售。和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。目前從大豆中提取異黃酮的工藝主儀器:SHB-Ⅲ型循環(huán)水式多用真空泵(鄭州長(zhǎng)要有熱水提取法堿液提取法、乙醇浸提法超聲波城科工貿(mào)有限公司);HH2型數(shù)顯恒溫水浴鍋(天法、酶解法和大孔樹(shù)脂吸附法,這些方法存在提取津市斯特儀器有限公司);KD23BDE型美的微波爐時(shí)間長(zhǎng),消耗溶劑量大等不足。微波萃取是近廣東美的微波爐制造有限公司);PHS3CA型精密年來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新穎的方法,具有高效、快速、酸度計(jì)(上海大普儀器有限公司);UV-1100紫外可環(huán)保、安全等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在微波輻射作用下從大豆中提見(jiàn)分光光度計(jì)(上海美譜達(dá)儀器有限公司)收稿日期:20101031第一作者簡(jiǎn)介:于海蓮(1979-),女,碩士,講師,主要從事天然產(chǎn)物提取功能材料及其添加劑的研究。 E-mail:yhl9791027@126,cm1期于海蓮:微波輔助乙醇提取大豆中異黃酮的研究1451.2試驗(yàn)方法乙醇蒸氣被帶出。因此選擇乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)50%為稱取20g大豆,將其研磨成粉末,向其中加人宜一定濃度的乙醇溶液,對(duì)其進(jìn)行微波處理,冷卻后2400減壓抽濾,將濾液在減壓旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀內(nèi)減壓濃縮2300將濃縮后的異黃酮用適量的硅藻土和石油醚進(jìn)行22.00提純;最后再用紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度法測(cè)定提取的異21黃酮含量,以大豆異黃酮的提取量作為考察指標(biāo)。2結(jié)果與分析2.1微波功率對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)在乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)50%、液料比1:5微波輻射時(shí)間4min的試驗(yàn)條件下,考察微波功率對(duì)異黃酮提圖2乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響取量的影響結(jié)果如圖1所示。Flg. 2 The effect of volume fraction of ethanol onextraction yield of isoflavonoids24.002.3料液比對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響2200在微波功率為400W、乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)為50%微波輻射時(shí)間為4min的試驗(yàn)條件下,考察料液比19008.O0對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響,結(jié)果如圖3所示17.002550150450550圖1微波功率對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響ig. 1 The effect of microwave power on extraction集云2100900:21:31:41:51:6由圖1可知,當(dāng)微波功率低于400W時(shí),異黃酮的提取量隨著微波功率增大而增大,當(dāng)微波功率Rate of soybean slurry to ethanol/gmL超過(guò)400W之后,異黃酮的提取量反而逐漸減小。圖3料液比分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響主要是由于隨著微波功率不斷增大,分子運(yùn)動(dòng)加Fig 3 The effect of rate of garlic slurry to ethanol on劇,細(xì)胞壁破裂程度加大,異黃酮浸出量也隨著升extraction yield of isoflavonoids高;當(dāng)微波功率太大時(shí),細(xì)胞壁并不會(huì)無(wú)限制被破由圖3可知,隨著料液比的提高,異黃酮的提裂,微波對(duì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)物質(zhì)的選擇性加熱性能差異則減取量顯著提高,料液比從1:2增大到1:4的過(guò)程中小,一些易溶于萃取劑的物質(zhì)先被溶解,從而造成異黃酮的提取量增大較快,這是由于微波輻射的能異黃酮提取量的降低。因此微波功率選擇4000量使異黃酮超微結(jié)構(gòu)特性遭到破壞而溶于萃取劑為宜。中。料液比相對(duì)較小時(shí),大豆吸收的微波能量相對(duì)2.2乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響較多,細(xì)胞破裂的程度就比較大,溶解的異黃酮就在微波功率400W、液料比1:5和微波輻射時(shí)多;但料液比從1:4增大到1:6的過(guò)程中,異黃酮的間4mn的試驗(yàn)條件下,考察乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)對(duì)異黃提取量逐漸降低,這是因?yàn)樵谳腿∵^(guò)程中,隨著萃酮提取量的影響,結(jié)果如圖2所示取相乙醇體積的增加,吸收的能量相對(duì)減少,細(xì)胞由圖2可知隨著乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)的提高異黃壁破裂程度相對(duì)減小,因而異黃酮析出量也相應(yīng)減酮的提取量也一直在顯著提高這也表明異黃酮易少。因此料液比選擇1:4為宜。溶于有機(jī)溶劑乙醇中但當(dāng)乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)超過(guò)50%2.4微波輻射時(shí)間對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響以后,異黃酮的提取量反而降低,這是因?yàn)楦唧w積在微波功率為400W、乙醇體積分?jǐn)?shù)為50%和分?jǐn)?shù)的乙醇沸點(diǎn)較低,易大豆科學(xué)期異黃酮提取量的影響結(jié)果如圖4所示。的影響,得到了異黃酮的最佳提取工藝:微波功率為400W、乙醇的體積分?jǐn)?shù)為50%、料液比為1:4微波輻射時(shí)間為5min。在最佳工藝條件下,異黃酮的提取量為1.3205mg·g。329參考文獻(xiàn)1700[1]汪玉秀.大豆異黃酮的研究及應(yīng)用[打],西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)學(xué)15.00報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版),2003,31(增):113116.( Wang Y x.微波輻射時(shí)間Microwave irradiation time/minwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry( Natural Seence Edition),2003,31(s):13-116.)4微波輻射時(shí)間對(duì)異黃酮提取量的影響2]丁芳林.大豆異黃酮提取工藝研究[].翻南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué),2006The effect of microwave irradiation time on(6):104-105.( Ding F L Extraction of isoflavones from soyextraction yield of isoflavonoidsbean. 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