第37卷第2期煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化Vol, 37 No. 22014年4月COAL CONVERSIOApr.2014煤與生物質(zhì)共氣化制甲烷實(shí)驗(yàn)研究劉園春1)李克忠2)熊志建3)張榮3)畢繼誠(chéng)甘中學(xué)”摘要以煙煤和高粱秸稈為研究對(duì)象,在小型加壓固定床反應(yīng)器上考察了壓力3.5MPa及溫度700℃條件下制焦方式、煤/生物質(zhì)混合比和氣固接觸時(shí)間對(duì)煤與生物質(zhì)共氣化制取富甲烷氣體過(guò)程中水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)和甲烷化反應(yīng)的影響結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng),煤焦和生物質(zhì)焦共氣化時(shí)不能觀(guān)察到明顯的協(xié)同作用;對(duì)于甲烷化反應(yīng),高粱秸稈焦的甲烷化反應(yīng)活性高于煤焦的甲烷化反應(yīng)活性,當(dāng)對(duì)高梁秸稈水洗后,高梁秸稈焦的甲烷化反應(yīng)活性降低至與煤焦的甲烷化反應(yīng)活性相當(dāng),分析表明,水洗后高粱秸稈焦堿金屬鉀的含量顯著降低,說(shuō)明高梁秸稈焦中堿金屬鉀的存在是高粱秸稈焦甲烷化反應(yīng)活性較高的主要原因.增加氣固接觸時(shí)間,有利于提高甲烷產(chǎn)率關(guān)鍵詞生物質(zhì),共氣化,甲烷化,堿金屬中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)TQ546.20引言能耗,若利用堿金屬含量相對(duì)較高的生物質(zhì)與煤進(jìn)行共氣化,不僅可避免催化劑回收或降低催化劑回我國(guó)是一個(gè)富煤、貧油、少氣的國(guó)家,在一次能收成本,而且可為生物質(zhì)規(guī)模高效利用提供一條有源結(jié)構(gòu)中,煤炭約占70%石油約占23%,而天然氣效途徑,具有較好的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和環(huán)境效益國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)僅占2%近年來(lái),我國(guó)天然氣消費(fèi)量以近10%的速者對(duì)煤和生物質(zhì)共氣化進(jìn)行了較多的研究,重點(diǎn)是度增長(zhǎng),預(yù)計(jì)2020年缺口將達(dá)到2000億m3,對(duì)外從煤和生物質(zhì)混合顆粒的流化特性4、反應(yīng)過(guò)程依存度也將達(dá)到50%,嚴(yán)重影響了我國(guó)的能源安的協(xié)同效應(yīng)和共氣化的工藝條件優(yōu)化1012等方全,并將制約我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)的發(fā)展.同時(shí),我國(guó)煤面進(jìn)行較為系統(tǒng)的研究,主要是以合成氣為目標(biāo)產(chǎn)炭傳統(tǒng)利用模式以燃燒利用為主,存在能量利用率物,研究的溫度范圍在800℃~1000℃,壓力一般低和污染重等諸多問(wèn)題利用我國(guó)豐富的煤炭資源,小于0.6MPa,而以甲烷為目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物時(shí),要求反應(yīng)在將煤轉(zhuǎn)化為天然氣,不僅可以填補(bǔ)傳統(tǒng)天然氣市場(chǎng)低溫(小于800℃)、高壓(大于3.0MPa)及催化劑的供求缺口,更好地滿(mǎn)足城鎮(zhèn)化擴(kuò)大的需求,而且可存在下進(jìn)行,以甲烷為目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物的煤和生物質(zhì)共氣以較好地改善我國(guó)能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu).煤制合成天然氣化研究未見(jiàn)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道.本研究使用固定床反應(yīng)器,考過(guò)程主要有煤經(jīng)“氣化后再催化合成”的兩步法和煤察了在低溫高壓及不同操作條件下,生物質(zhì)中堿金原位直接轉(zhuǎn)化”的一步法.兩步法的主要特點(diǎn)是先屬對(duì)水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)和甲烷化反應(yīng)活性的影響,為流在高溫氣化爐中氣化得到H2和CO,然后在甲烷化化床共氣化反應(yīng)器的設(shè)計(jì)和操作提供理論依據(jù)反應(yīng)器中把Hz和CO合成為甲烷,過(guò)程的計(jì)算熱1實(shí)驗(yàn)部分效率約60%;煤催化氣化屬于“原位直接轉(zhuǎn)化”的步法,主要特點(diǎn)是煤在較低溫度(650℃~750℃)和1.1原料較高壓力(3.0MPa~4.0MPa)下,通過(guò)催化劑的選用內(nèi)蒙古不連溝煙煤(YM)和山西太原郊區(qū)催化作用,將煤在氣化爐內(nèi)直接轉(zhuǎn)化為富含CH4的的高粱秸稈(GL)為原料,將煤和生物質(zhì)在壓力合成氣,此過(guò)程的計(jì)算熱效率比兩步法的計(jì)算熱效3.5MPa,溫度700℃的氮?dú)鈿夥展潭ù矁?nèi)熱解率約高10%.口2煤催化氣化產(chǎn)業(yè)化的難點(diǎn)之一是催60min后得到不連溝煤焦(MJ)和高粱秸稈焦化劑的回收,獲取較高的催化劑回收率需要較高的(GLJ),粉碎至60日~80目(180gm~250m)備國(guó)際科技合作計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(201DFA60610)和煤轉(zhuǎn)化國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室自主研究課題(2011BWZ002)1)碩士生,中國(guó)科學(xué)院山西煤炭化學(xué)研究所煤轉(zhuǎn)化國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,030001太原;中國(guó)科些腔大學(xué)1‖言.?助理研究員;3)副研究員;4)研究員,中國(guó)科學(xué)院山西煤炭化學(xué)研究所煤轉(zhuǎn)化國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,030001太中國(guó)煤化工有限公司煤基低碳能源國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,065001河北廊坊收稿日期:20130404;修回日期:2013-0506CNMHG煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化2014年用,原料的工業(yè)分析和元素分析結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1表1原料的工業(yè)分析和元素分析(%)1.2實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置Table 1 Proximate and ultimate analysis of samples(%.)固定床反應(yīng)器由內(nèi)徑D20mm不銹鋼反應(yīng)管Proximate analysis, adUltimate analysis, dSampleC 0 N S制成,長(zhǎng)度900mm,其中溫度均勻段250mm,采用10.6526.2214.1967.424.0510.861.140.65三段電加熱;設(shè)計(jì)溫度800℃C,設(shè)計(jì)壓力4MPa.固7.2470.5512.44.385.3635650.990.21定床反應(yīng)器裝置見(jiàn)圖1,去離子水和反應(yīng)氣體分別0.134.5719.2277.011.390.491.040.820.3811.8233.7662,721.150.910.800.53由雙柱塞泵和質(zhì)量流量計(jì)控制,經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)熱器和氣化10%K2CO2M5.279.5426.896.120.822.811.030.84器輸入反應(yīng)器系統(tǒng)水蒸氣和少量的焦油經(jīng)過(guò)氣液分Mass fraction離罐冷凝,氣相產(chǎn)物經(jīng)濕式流量計(jì)計(jì)量后收集分析Liquid/gas Filter 6 Wet gas meterU Water pump圖1固定床反應(yīng)器裝置Fig 1 Schematic diagram of the fixed-bed reactor apparatusI-Relief valve; 2--Globe valve: 3-Stop valve: 4-Check valve:5--Needle valve: 6-Back pressure regulator1.3實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟積分?jǐn)?shù),%;m生物質(zhì)焦和m媒焦為每次實(shí)驗(yàn)所用焦樣中取適量原料裝人反應(yīng)管中,氮?dú)庵脫Q充壓至C的質(zhì)量,g3.5MPa,開(kāi)啟加熱爐,升溫至700℃時(shí),開(kāi)始通入2結(jié)果與討論水蒸氣(1g/min),進(jìn)行水蒸氣氣化實(shí)驗(yàn),在反應(yīng)器2.1水蒸氣氣化實(shí)驗(yàn)出口,每隔20min對(duì)產(chǎn)出的氣體進(jìn)行計(jì)量、取樣,每2.1.1外擴(kuò)散的消除個(gè)條件實(shí)驗(yàn)反應(yīng)3h,氣體產(chǎn)量通過(guò)濕式流量計(jì)計(jì)以不連溝煤焦和高粱秸稈焦為原料考察了不同量,氣體組成通過(guò)安捷倫氣相色譜7820A分析;甲水流量和碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的關(guān)系,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖2.由圖2可烷化實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行時(shí)直接用氫氣和一氧化碳充壓,氫氣知,當(dāng)水流量大于1g/min,反應(yīng)3h后,煤焦和生物和一氧化碳的流量比為3:1,從升溫開(kāi)始收集產(chǎn)物質(zhì)焦水蒸氣氣化的碳轉(zhuǎn)化率不再隨水流量的增加而氣體.根據(jù)產(chǎn)氣量和氣體組成可計(jì)算得到水蒸氣氣化實(shí)驗(yàn)的碳轉(zhuǎn)化率1.4碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的計(jì)算方法-H: 150 mLmin, H2 0: 0.5 g/mi水蒸氣作氣化劑時(shí)碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的計(jì)算式為:N2: 600 mL/min, H 0: 2 g/min12×V×(qo.+gco+gcH,)cOz22.4×(m生物質(zhì)焦十m煤焦100120140160180式中:V為從氣化開(kāi)始到某反應(yīng)時(shí)間t出口干基氣ime/min體產(chǎn)物的總產(chǎn)量,L;go,p2和gH,分別為CO,中國(guó)煤化工CO2和CH4從氣化開(kāi)始到某反應(yīng)時(shí)間t的平均體Fig 2 ElYHCNMHGeriment第2期劉園春等煤與生物質(zhì)共氣化制甲烷實(shí)驗(yàn)研究變化,表明已消除外擴(kuò)散的影響.13條件下非常穩(wěn)定,熱解過(guò)程幾乎沒(méi)有析出.本實(shí)驗(yàn)在2.1.2生物質(zhì)焦和煤焦水蒸氣共氣化加壓和700C條件下共氣化的結(jié)果表明:生物質(zhì)與生物質(zhì)與煤共氣化反應(yīng)過(guò)程首先經(jīng)歷快速熱煤共熱解過(guò)程中生物質(zhì)釋放的堿金屬?zèng)]有或極少被解,氣化主要是熱解后的半焦與水蒸氣進(jìn)行反應(yīng).因煤焦吸附.因此,生物質(zhì)與煤共氣化反應(yīng)中,生物質(zhì)而本實(shí)驗(yàn)使用生物質(zhì)焦和煤焦進(jìn)行氣化反應(yīng)的考催化煤焦水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)的作用并不明顯.堿金屬察,單獨(dú)生物質(zhì)在熱解過(guò)程中部分堿金屬會(huì)揮發(fā)到揮發(fā)不是吸附到煤焦表面的主要途徑,而有可能水氣相14,生物質(zhì)與煤共熱解過(guò)程中煤焦能否吸附生蒸氣是攜帶堿金屬到煤焦表面的途徑.在原煤與物質(zhì)中揮發(fā)的這部分堿金屬進(jìn)而促進(jìn)共氣化反應(yīng)是生物質(zhì)共氣化中堿金屬的遷移途徑與壓力和溫度的本研究首先考察的內(nèi)容.因此,分別在煤和生物質(zhì)先關(guān)系有待于在今后實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證混合后制焦和先制焦后混合兩種情況下考察了煤焦2.1.3煤和生物質(zhì)共氣化反應(yīng)匹配特性和生物質(zhì)焦共氣化過(guò)程中熱解焦對(duì)氣化反應(yīng)的影煤焦、生物質(zhì)焦、負(fù)載不同碳酸鉀催化劑的煤焦響煤焦在混合物中的質(zhì)量比分別為20%,40%,以及生物質(zhì)與煤混合焦的水蒸氣氣化碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的對(duì)60%,80%,共氣化結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖3圖3中Mc表示高粱比見(jiàn)圖4.圖4表明,在相同反應(yīng)條件下,生物質(zhì)焦的Mc700℃Mmc700℃2040608020406080Coal char content /96MJ 5%K CO, GIJ 7%KCO, 10%KC圖3煤焦和高粱秸稈焦水蒸氣共氣化計(jì)算值和實(shí)驗(yàn)值對(duì)Fig 3 Comparison of calculate value and experimental圖4相同碳含量不同原料水蒸氣氣化的碳轉(zhuǎn)化率比較value of co-gasification coal char andFig 4 Comparison of the carbon conversionsorghum straw charof different samples器一 Calculate value;一 Experimental value水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)的碳轉(zhuǎn)化率(61.5%)遠(yuǎn)大于煤焦的秸稈和煤先制焦后混合;Mmc表示高粱秸稈與煤先碳轉(zhuǎn)化率(25%)和原煤負(fù)載5%催化劑的煤焦的碳混合后制焦; Calculate value為單獨(dú)煤焦和生物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化率(4.1%),與原煤負(fù)載7%催化劑的煤焦的焦氣化實(shí)驗(yàn)所得碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的加權(quán)計(jì)算值, Experi-碳轉(zhuǎn)化率(64%)相當(dāng)mental value為每次共氣化實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到的碳轉(zhuǎn)化氣化過(guò)程包含熱解和氣化反應(yīng),根據(jù)煤和生物率.結(jié)果表明,原煤與高粱秸稈以不同比例先制焦后質(zhì)熱解、氣化過(guò)程的固定床實(shí)驗(yàn),計(jì)算了先熱解進(jìn)而混合和先混合后制焦兩種方式,經(jīng)3h共氣化后的化3h后煤和生物質(zhì)的總碳轉(zhuǎn)化率,結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖5碳轉(zhuǎn)化率相差均小于2%,說(shuō)明先混合后制焦和先由圖5可知,負(fù)載10%碳酸鉀催化劑煤的總碳轉(zhuǎn)化制焦后混合對(duì)氣化反應(yīng)的影響較小.兩種混合條件率(84.86%)與高粱秸稈的總碳轉(zhuǎn)化率(83.59%)相下不同混合比例碳轉(zhuǎn)化率的實(shí)驗(yàn)值和單獨(dú)氣化加權(quán)計(jì)算值相差不大,說(shuō)明在3.5MPa和700℃實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,煤和生物質(zhì)在共熱解過(guò)程中煤焦沒(méi)有或極少吸附生物質(zhì)揮發(fā)出的堿金屬,在共氣化反應(yīng)中沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出明顯的催化作用.有學(xué)者研究表明1,原煤和生物質(zhì)在常壓和大于850℃條件下共氣化時(shí)比原煤?jiǎn)为?dú)氣化有較高的氣化效率,碳轉(zhuǎn)化率高于兩者10%KCO,YM單獨(dú)氣化的加和,原因是共氣化時(shí)生物質(zhì)中的堿金屬吸附到煤焦上并對(duì)煤焦氣化起催化作用.生物質(zhì)圖5原料熱解和氣化過(guò)程總碳轉(zhuǎn)化率中的鉀分為有機(jī)鉀和無(wú)機(jī)鉀.015有機(jī)鉀占總鉀的比Fig 5 Total carbon conversion of raw material例較小,為10%~30%10,在200℃~400℃制焦中國(guó)煤化工溫度下基本全部析出,無(wú)機(jī)鉀在400℃~700℃tCNMHG煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化2014年當(dāng),表明在煤催化和生物質(zhì)共氣化制甲烷工藝中,生化先增加后減小,最終趨于穩(wěn)定.隨著溫度的升高,物質(zhì)與負(fù)載10%碳酸鉀煤可以在時(shí)間上實(shí)現(xiàn)很好甲烷化反應(yīng)加快,所以甲烷含量隨著溫度升高不斷的氣化反應(yīng)匹配,為流化床氣化爐設(shè)計(jì)提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)增加,溫度達(dá)到700℃后,甲烷濃度達(dá)到最大值,恒據(jù);另外,在700℃氣化時(shí),煤中催化劑和生物質(zhì)中溫過(guò)程中,甲烷含量出現(xiàn)降低趨勢(shì),原因可能是:隨的無(wú)機(jī)堿金屬鉀基本沒(méi)有揮發(fā)7,減少了堿金屬鉀著停留時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),原料中的殘?zhí)坎粩喟l(fā)生縮聚,碳的損失,可以最大限度地發(fā)揮煤中催化劑和生物質(zhì)化程度進(jìn)一步提高,活性位降低;另外,隨著反應(yīng)的中堿金屬在水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)和甲烷化反應(yīng)中的作進(jìn)行,氫氣的吸附也會(huì)占據(jù)一定的活性位,導(dǎo)致甲烷用,同時(shí)較少的堿金屬揮發(fā)也降低了對(duì)氣化過(guò)程后化速率降低.019 Tsutao等20在773K~923K,壓系統(tǒng)的腐蝕,易于實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)放大力3.4MPa條件下,研究負(fù)載K2CO3催化劑煤焦2.2甲烷化反應(yīng)活性實(shí)驗(yàn)的甲烷化反應(yīng)時(shí),觀(guān)察到相同的趨勢(shì),認(rèn)為甲烷化反應(yīng)活性下降主要是反應(yīng)過(guò)程中發(fā)生積碳反應(yīng)引起的2.2.1煤焦和生物質(zhì)焦的甲烷化反應(yīng)活性表2原料中堿金屬與堿土金屬的含量(%)分別以煤焦、高粱秸稈焦和水洗高粱秸稈焦為T(mén)able 2 Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal原料,考察了其對(duì)CO和H2的甲烷化反應(yīng)活性的content of samples(%.)影響,并與空管實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比(反應(yīng)管對(duì)甲烷化反[Na+][K+][Mg2+][Ca2+應(yīng)有一定的催化作用),結(jié)果見(jiàn)圖6.由圖6可知,空0.05980.15540.13150.27492.24400.29920.5032600YMJ0.08140.18210.18700.38640.30421.5693Washed GL 0.0140.16460.17480.44884h4-Washed CIJWashed GLJ 0.031 40.50180.55561.3526Blank2.2.2氣體停留時(shí)間對(duì)甲烷化反應(yīng)的影響Time/min由 Aspen Plus軟件計(jì)算在700℃,3.5MPa,圖6高粱秸稈焦與煤焦甲烷化作用對(duì)比H2和CO的流量比為3:1條件下,CH4的平衡體Fig 6 Comparison of sorghum straw char and coal char積分?jǐn)?shù)為46%.在700C下,以煤焦和生物質(zhì)焦為on methanation reactions催化劑時(shí),合成氣生成甲烷的反應(yīng)在動(dòng)力學(xué)控制的管實(shí)驗(yàn)中CH4在出口氣體中的體積分?jǐn)?shù)(gH,)小范圍內(nèi),研究氣體停留時(shí)間對(duì)甲烷濃度的影響對(duì)于于1%,說(shuō)明反應(yīng)器本身對(duì)甲烷化的催化作用可以流化床反應(yīng)器的設(shè)計(jì)有重要意義.通過(guò)改變反應(yīng)氣忽略;高粱秸稈焦與煤焦相比具有較好的甲烷化反體流量來(lái)改變氣體停留時(shí)間,停留時(shí)間和甲烷濃度應(yīng)活性,但水洗后的高粱秸稈焦甲烷化反應(yīng)活性顯的關(guān)系見(jiàn)圖7.由圖7可知,隨著停留時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)著降低,煤焦甲烷出口體積分?jǐn)?shù)為4.5%,高粱秸稈焦甲烷出口體積分?jǐn)?shù)為10.5%,而水洗高粱秸稈焦甲烷出口濃度降低至與煤焦相當(dāng)?shù)乃?采用離子求2--GLJ色譜對(duì)煤、高粱秸稈和水洗高粱秸稈進(jìn)行礦物質(zhì)成3--Equilibrium concentration分分析,結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2.由表2可知,高粱中的堿金屬鉀的含量明顯高于原煤中鉀的含量.通過(guò)對(duì)比水洗1020304050高粱秸稈和原高粱秸稈中K,Na,Ca,Mg的含量,僅Residence time /s有堿金屬鉀的含量水洗前后變化比較明顯,水洗后圖7氣體停留時(shí)間對(duì)高梁秸稈焦和煤焦甲烷化活性的影響的鉀含量大幅降低,與煤焦鉀含量基本相當(dāng),高粱秸Fig 7 Effect of residence time on methanation activity稈中堿金屬鉀含量增減與高粱秸稈焦催化甲烷化作of sorghum straw char and coal char用強(qiáng)弱相一致.礦物質(zhì)鉀含量和甲烷化反應(yīng)活性之甲烷濃度也逐漸提髙,對(duì)于流化床反應(yīng)器來(lái)說(shuō),提高間的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系說(shuō)明鉀是高粱秸稈焦具有較高甲烷活氣體在固體的直型坦意田院濃度.20世中國(guó)煤化性的主要原因.紀(jì)70年代,美催化氣化制由圖6可知,隨著反應(yīng)進(jìn)行,甲烷含量隨時(shí)間變合成天然氣過(guò),,}CNMH高徑比)操作第2期劉園春等煤與生物質(zhì)共氣化制甲烷實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的氣化爐,主要目的就是提高煤氣在床層中的停留明顯;從熱解和氣化的耦合結(jié)果來(lái)看,高粱秸稈與負(fù)時(shí)間,以提高甲烷產(chǎn)率,深床流化床氣化爐內(nèi)的流載10%碳酸鉀不連溝煤可以實(shí)現(xiàn)水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)動(dòng)、返混、傳熱傳質(zhì)和反應(yīng)匹配性對(duì)含碳固體原料的較好匹配催化氣化制甲烷的影響仍需系統(tǒng)的研究2)高粱秸稈焦的甲烷化活性髙于不連溝煤焦的甲烷化活性,但水洗后高粱秸稈焦的甲烷化活性3結(jié)論降低至與煤焦的甲烷化活性相當(dāng),分析表明:水洗后1)在3.5MPa,700℃條件下,高粱秸稈焦的高粱秸稈中的堿金屬鉀的含量顯著降低,表明水溶水蒸氣氣化活性與負(fù)載7%碳酸鉀不連溝煤焦的水性鉀是高粱秸稈焦甲烷化活性高的主要原因蒸氣氣化活性相當(dāng);高粱秸稈和煤先混合后制焦與3)以生物質(zhì)為甲烷化催化劑時(shí),隨著停留時(shí)間先制焦后混合對(duì)水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)影響較小,這主要的延長(zhǎng),甲烷含量提高,合成氣合成甲烷的反應(yīng)在動(dòng)是因?yàn)樯镔|(zhì)與煤共熱解過(guò)程中生物質(zhì)釋放的堿金力學(xué)控制區(qū),所以對(duì)于流化床操作來(lái)說(shuō),應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量提屬?zèng)]有或極少被煤焦吸附,因此,生物質(zhì)與煤共氣化高氣化爐的床層高度,以提高氣固接觸時(shí)間,增加申反應(yīng)中,生物質(zhì)催化煤焦水蒸氣氣化反應(yīng)的作用不烷收率參考文[1]王明華,李政,麻林巍,等坑口煤制代用天然氣的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性分析及發(fā)展路線(xiàn)構(gòu)思「冂]現(xiàn)代化工,2008,28(3):13-16[2] Steinberg M. 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The effect of char preparation method, coal/biomassblend ratio and gas residence time were tested on steam gasification reactions and methanation reactions in a fixed bed reactor under the pressure of 3. 5 MPa and the temperature of 700C. Theresults showed that no synergistic effects were observed on steam gasification reaction when co-gasification of coal char and sorghum straw char blend. The catalytic activity of sorghum strawchar on methanation reaction is higher than that of the coal char, however, the catalysis of sor-ghum straw char is equivalent to coal char after wash with water. analysis showed that the alkalimetal potassium content was significantly decreased after water wash. The relation between themethanation activity and potassium amount in biomass showed that the potassium in biomassplayed the key catalytic effect during methanation reactions. The increase of residence time of gasin the dense zone of the gasifier has significance on the increase of methane yieldKEY WORDS biomass, co-gasification, methanation, alkali metaleeoeororoomoooooooomooo·O=oon0ooeeoonoemoo·m0mob+e+++++o(上接第68頁(yè))FORECAST MODEL OF GAS-STEAM RATIO BASED ON NEURALNETWORK IN POWER PLANT OF IRON AND STEEL WORKSMeng Hua Wang Jianjun Wang Hua and Li Hongjuan(Engineering Research Center of Metallurgical energy Conservation and EmissionReduction Ministry of Education, Kunming University of Scienceand Technology, 650093 Kunming)ABSTRAct With the gas-steam ratio of self-provided power plant in an iron and steelworks taken as an object, flue gas temperature, hot air temperature, feed water temperature, airfuel ratio and oxygen content in flue gas are the major factors influencing gas-steam ratio, whichlyzed bya prediction model of gas-steam ration of self-er plant is established on the basis of BP neural network, which is a 5-12-1 network structure,the hidden layer and output layer is transferred by tansig and purelin function respectively, mo-mentum gradient descent optimization algorithm, traingdm is also used to train network. The re-sults show that the model can effectively predict the gas-steam ratio of boiler, the correlation co-efficient of actual values and training ones is 0. 9937, and the correlation coefficient of actualvalues and prediction ones is 0. 9762, the mean absolute error is also controlled within the scope.Showing a good generalization ability and outreach capacity, we can provide a theoretical basisand guide for the real production.KEY WORDS grey relation degree, BP neural network中國(guó)煤化工vdedpower plant, momentum gradient descent algorithmCNMHG