年月第28Vol 28 No4COAL CONVERSIONOct.2005煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物應(yīng)用于制備水煤漿的試驗(yàn)研究王龍貴)歐澤深2摘要通過(guò)培育微生物菌種,并作用于經(jīng)硝酸處理的褐煤樣,得到煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物.用此水溶性產(chǎn)物作為添加劑制備出水煤漿,與加與不加常規(guī)添加劑的兩種水煤漿進(jìn)行黏度對(duì)比試驗(yàn),考察了煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物制備的水煤漿的流變特性.結(jié)果表明,使用煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物作為水煤漿添加劑能制備出優(yōu)質(zhì)水煤漿關(guān)鍵詞煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物,微生物菌種,水煤漿,黏度中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)TQ517.40引言度5mol/L硝酸以1:2.5g/mL的比例混合,并不斷攪拌,當(dāng)物料溫度恢復(fù)到環(huán)境溫度時(shí),停止攪拌,煤的微生物轉(zhuǎn)化研究是煤的加工利用中的新領(lǐng)浸泡48h,然后用去離子水清洗,過(guò)濾,除去其中含域(,20世紀(jì)80年代初,德國(guó) Fakoussa等,報(bào)道有的硝酸和溶解的礦物質(zhì),直至溶液無(wú)色中性為止,了某些真菌能在煤塊上生長(zhǎng),并將煤轉(zhuǎn)化成黑色水60C烘干再消毒備用溶液以來(lái)煤的生物轉(zhuǎn)化在世界上已引起了許多研12煤轉(zhuǎn)化用微生物培育究者的興趣6,研究者們開(kāi)始探索用微生物來(lái)加工煤,主要是用微生物或微生物酶清潔、液化煤,尤其煤轉(zhuǎn)化用的微生物菌種由實(shí)驗(yàn)室分離純化所是一些低能量煤,煤經(jīng)好氧生物作用后轉(zhuǎn)化為一種得.將含菌腐爛木屑用無(wú)菌水浸泡24h,用玻璃棒水溶性的液態(tài)產(chǎn)物.該產(chǎn)物含有多種官能團(tuán),具有較將其攪拌均勻,以此為原菌液,接種于培養(yǎng)皿中,用大的工、農(nóng)、牧醫(yī)等方面的應(yīng)用潛力在工業(yè)上可用專(zhuān)項(xiàng)培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng).培養(yǎng)基成分見(jiàn)表于抗氧劑、表面活性劑、樹(shù)脂或黏合劑成分,特別是表1培養(yǎng)基的組成作商業(yè)離子交換樹(shù)脂或吸附劑用;在農(nóng)業(yè)上用作土Table 1 Constitution of culture medium壤調(diào)節(jié)劑,改善植物根的吸收作用;醫(yī)學(xué)上作為免疫Ingredient Content/gL-1) Ingredient Content/(gL-I)輔藥等.對(duì)煤溶物的物理化學(xué)的一些特性研究表明,Potato juiceMgSO4·7H2O0.5FeSO4·7H2O0.1×10-3煤溶物是一種極易溶于水的液體,有一定的黏度和KH PO4CuSO4·5H200.2×10-3潤(rùn)滑性,因此可考慮作為制備水煤漿添加劑.NaH, PO,0.218水煤漿作為一種新型液體燃料,其黏度及流培養(yǎng)接種前于121℃下滅菌20min,置于32變性對(duì)其性能影響很大③,具有較大的濃度、較低的℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng).培養(yǎng)2d后,培養(yǎng)基上有微小黏度較大的流動(dòng)性和較高的穩(wěn)定性,才是優(yōu)質(zhì)水煤菌落生成3d后,菌落迅速擴(kuò)大,直徑約20mm漿40mm,培養(yǎng)基上有3種類(lèi)型菌落.將培養(yǎng)皿中菌落1實(shí)驗(yàn)部分刮下,用無(wú)菌水配成孢子懸浮液,采用平板分劃線分離法,得到白絨狀菌,初步認(rèn)為是白腐菌.其鑒定利1.1生物溶(降)解用煤樣用 Bavendamm反應(yīng)9),實(shí)驗(yàn)中,在培養(yǎng)皿中接種白色絨狀菌落,加入瓊脂及少量單寧酸的專(zhuān)項(xiàng)培養(yǎng)基選用內(nèi)蒙褐煤并采用硝酸預(yù)處理方式處理煤培中國(guó)煤化工,在菌落外側(cè)形成了樣方法是將制備好的粒徑為02mm的煤樣和濃肉一導(dǎo)出結(jié)論,接種的白色CNMHG國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(50344037)和淮南市科技局資助項(xiàng)目(2003449)1)博士生、副教授,安徽理工大學(xué)材料系,232001安徽淮南;2)教授、博士生導(dǎo)師,中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)化工學(xué)院,221008江蘇徐州收稿日期:2005-05-26;修回日期:2005063第4期王龍貴等煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物應(yīng)用于制備水煤漿的試驗(yàn)研究絨狀菌是白腐菌.黏度大大降低,其流動(dòng)性增強(qiáng),使水煤漿的性能大大1.3白腐菌液體培養(yǎng)對(duì)煤的溶解作用表3濃度為68%的不同水煤漿的黏度用馬鈴薯汁加蔗糖和礦物質(zhì)制成液體培養(yǎng)基,Table 3 Vicosity of differeal water mixture消毒滅菌后接種白腐菌,培養(yǎng)2d后,加硝酸預(yù)處理that concentration is 68%的消毒滅菌煤樣,32℃恒溫振蕩培養(yǎng)20d,去掉菌ratus Reading a Apparent viscosity/(Pa絲體和未轉(zhuǎn)化的煤殘?jiān)?過(guò)濾,得煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物的B1水溶物,作為制備水煤漿添加劑130.1610.0890.2321215210.1200.1500,2101.4實(shí)驗(yàn)材料和方法7,691419260.1080.1460.200456789015.561626330.0890.1440.200制備樣品水煤漿用煤溶物:硝酸處理內(nèi)蒙褐煤2241490.0790.1470.175經(jīng)白腐菌作用后的水溶物;制備水煤漿用的煤樣:淮2955630.0760.1450.166871780.0760.1420.156南煙煤,粒度0.2mm;實(shí)驗(yàn)用儀器:攪拌機(jī);成都儀4992990.0750.1410.152器廠生產(chǎn)的NXS-11A型旋轉(zhuǎn)黏度計(jì),黏度測(cè)量1.11670.072使用A系統(tǒng);天平濃度50%的水煤漿:煤微生物轉(zhuǎn)化水溶產(chǎn)物作030為添加劑的水煤漿(A1);添加1%添加劑的水煤漿(B1);未加添加劑的水煤漿(C1)濃度68%的水煤漿:煤微生物轉(zhuǎn)化水溶產(chǎn)物作為添加劑的水煤漿(A2);添加1%添加劑的水煤漿(B2);未加添加劑的水煤漿(C2)5.52767498l105l1799309955349962結(jié)果與討論圖1濃度為50%的不同水煤漿的黏度Fig 1 Vicosity of different coal water mixture2.1不同水煤漿的表觀黏度that concentration is 50%◆一A1:—B1;△—C1水煤漿的表觀黏度為在不同的轉(zhuǎn)速下的儀器常數(shù)乘以讀數(shù)a即:U。=K×a由表2,表3和圖1,圖2可清楚地看出,A1,A20.15一89的表觀黏度明顯低于B1,B2,C1和C2,在水煤漿濃表2濃度為50%的不同水煤漿的黏度1552773649877510513818024Table 2 Vicosity of different coal water mixtureShear velocitys-Ithat concentration is 50%2濃度68%不同水煤漿的流變特性characteristics of different coalRotate Apparatus Reading a Apparent viscosity/(Pas)speedwater mixture that concentration is 68%(mPa·s)A1B1C1A1B1C1A2;口—B2;△—C217.8610140.01800.25010.0031210.0300.0010.2012.2煤生物轉(zhuǎn)化產(chǎn)物制備的水煤漿流變特性考察55.5654270.0270.0220.1502.63810420.0210.0260.110煤漿的流變性是影響水煤漿的貯存、輸送及霧1116570.0170.0250.0871822870.0160.0200.07化噴燃性能的重要因素.濃度68%的水煤漿A2剪0.0150.018切應(yīng)力和剪切速率的試驗(yàn)對(duì)應(yīng)表見(jiàn)第22頁(yè)表0.0250.016制中國(guó)煤化工較大,以防止度較低時(shí),A1的黏度稍稍低于B1,C1,兩者差別不沉淀燃燒.第22頁(yè)大;但當(dāng)水煤漿濃度較大時(shí),如68%的濃度,A2的圖3是CNMHG的流變特性,從黏度比B2和C2的都要低得多,說(shuō)明煤微生物轉(zhuǎn)化圖3可以看出,A2水煤漿的流變特性較好,具有靜產(chǎn)物作為水煤漿添加劑來(lái)制作水煤漿時(shí),水煤漿的態(tài)時(shí)黏度較大,動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)黏度較小的特點(diǎn)是一種優(yōu)質(zhì)煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化的水煤漿表4濃度68%的水煤漿A2剪切應(yīng)力與剪切速率Table 4 Shear stress and shear velocity of coal water Aof concentration 68%15527.67359749817748105.11384ShearShearShear velocitysstress/Pastress/Pa1.3815,50圖3濃度68%樣品水煤漿A2的流變特性Fig 3 Rhealogical characteristic of coal water mixture35,87179.96.0949.81249.0that concentration is 68%能把大分子的煤降解為較低的分子量,轉(zhuǎn)化為一種水溶性的混和物3結(jié)論)用煤微生物轉(zhuǎn)化的水溶性產(chǎn)物來(lái)制備水煤漿,能制備出優(yōu)質(zhì)的水煤漿,與加1%添加劑的水煤1)微生物在溫和的條件下對(duì)煤有溶降解作用,漿和不加添加劑的水煤漿相比,其各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)都較優(yōu)[1]董麗輝張朝輝,周曉云微生物對(duì)煤的溶解研究進(jìn)展煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化,2003,26(1):12-16[2] Fakoussa R M. 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Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 1990, 24: 831-841[冂]陳文敏,潔凈煤技術(shù)基礎(chǔ).北京:煤炭工業(yè)出版社,1997.120-15[8]周明松,邱學(xué)青,王衛(wèi)星,水煤漿分散劑研究進(jìn)展.煤炭轉(zhuǎn)化,2004,27(3):12-16[9]中野華三編木質(zhì)素的化學(xué)—基礎(chǔ)與應(yīng)用,高潔譯.北京:輕工業(yè)出版社,1988.420APPLICATION OF BIOCONVERSION PRODUCTS OF COALIN PRODUCING COAL-WATER-MIXTUREWang Longgui and Ou ZeshenDepartment of Meterial, Anhui University of Science and Technology232001 Anhui Huainan:* Chemical Institute, China Universityof Mining and Technology, 221008 Xuzhou)ABSTRaCT In this research the bioconversion products have been obtained through theapplication of cultivation fungis to the lignite coal pre-treated with nitric acid. Based on thecomparison of the viscosity of coal-water-mixture when additive is added and whenrheologic behavior of coal-water-mixture produced中國(guó)煤化工 has alsheresearchedCNMHGKEY WORDs bioconversion products of coal, microorganisms, coal-water-mixture, viscosit